Pa Dhatu Roop in Sanskrit — पा धातु रूप सभी लकारों में

Pā dhatu (पा धातु) is the Sanskrit verb root meaning 'to drink.' It belongs to Group 1 (Bhvadi Gana) and is parasmaipada (active voice). Pā is notable because it undergoes a root change in the present tense: pā → piba. So 'to drink' in present tense is 'pibati' (पिबति), not 'pāti.' This root alternation makes pā dhatu an important and frequently tested verb in Sanskrit grammar.

Pa dhatu roop in Lat Lakar (Present Tense): Prathama — पिबति, पिबतः, पिबन्ति. Madhyama — पिबसि, पिबथः, पिबथ. Uttama — पिबामि, पिबावः, पिबामः. Note the root change: pā (पा) becomes piba (पिब) in the present tense. Example: 'सः जलं पिबति' — He drinks water.

Pa dhatu roop in Lang Lakar (Past Tense): Prathama — अपिबत्, अपिबताम्, अपिबन्. Madhyama — अपिबः, अपिबतम्, अपिबत. Uttama — अपिबम्, अपिबाव, अपिबाम. The augment 'a' is added before the root. Example: 'बालकः दुग्धम् अपिबत्' — The boy drank milk.

In Sanskrit grammar, some verb roots undergo a substitution (आदेश) where the original root is replaced by a different form before personal endings are added. For pā (पा), the rule substitutes 'piba' (पिब) in the present, past (lang), imperative, and optative tenses. This is similar to how the root jā (जा — to go) becomes gaccha (गच्छ) in the present tense. However, in the future tense (lrit lakar), the original root pā is preserved: pāsyati (पास्यति).

Pa dhatu in Lrit Lakar (Future Tense): Prathama — पास्यति, पास्यतः, पास्यन्ति. Madhyama — पास्यसि, पास्यथः, पास्यथ. Uttama — पास्यामि, पास्यावः, पास्यामः. Note: In the future tense, the original root pā (पा) is used (not piba), giving pā + sya = pāsya → पास्य. Example: 'सः जलं पास्यति' — He will drink water.

Pa dhatu in Lot Lakar (Imperative): Prathama — पिबतु, पिबताम्, पिबन्तु. Madhyama — पिब, पिबतम्, पिबत. Uttama — पिबानि, पिबाव, पिबाम. Example: 'त्वं जलं पिब' — You drink water! (command); 'सः दुग्धं पिबतु' — Let him drink milk.

Pa dhatu in Vidhiling Lakar (Should/Ought to): Prathama — पिबेत्, पिबेताम्, पिबेयुः. Madhyama — पिबेः, पिबेतम्, पिबेत. Uttama — पिबेयम्, पिबेव, पिबेम. Example: 'बालकः नित्यं दुग्धं पिबेत्' — The child should drink milk daily.

Sentences with pa dhatu: (1) Present: सः प्रतिदिनं जलं पिबति — He drinks water daily. (2) Past: सा दुग्धम् अपिबत् — She drank milk. (3) Future: बालकः रसं पास्यति — The boy will drink juice. (4) Imperative: त्वं जलं पिब — You drink water! (5) Optative: सः स्वास्थ्याय दुग्धं पिबेत् — He should drink milk for health.

Pa dhatu is in Group 1 (Bhvadi Gana). Other important Group 1 verbs with their present tense forms: भू (to be) → भवति; गम् (to go) → गच्छति; पठ् (to read) → पठति; लिख् (to write) → लिखति; खाद् (to eat) → खादति; धाव् (to run) → धावति. However, pā is special because it has a root substitute (piba) unlike most Group 1 verbs that simply add endings directly to the root.

Each lakar of pa dhatu has 9 forms (3 purush × 3 vachan). For the 5 most commonly tested lakars: Lat, Lang, Lot, Vidhiling, and Lrit — there are 45 forms total (5 × 9). Including Lit, Lut, Lung, and other lakars, the complete paradigm has 90+ forms. For exam purposes, students typically need to master Lat, Lang, Lot (most important), Vidhiling, and Lrit lakars.