Lot Lakar (लोट् लकार) is the imperative mood in Sanskrit grammar. It is used to express commands, orders, requests, blessings, or permissions. In translation, Lot Lakar corresponds to 'Let him/her do,' 'You do,' 'May he/she...' It is one of the most important lakars for Sanskrit exams from class 6 to class 10, particularly for sentences involving orders and blessings.
Lot Lakar = Imperative Mood (लोट् = आज्ञार्थ)
Used for: commands, requests, blessings, permissions
Third person singular ending: -तु (पठतु = let him read)
Second person singular = verb root: पठ = Read! (command)
Third person plural ending: -न्तु (पठन्तु = let them read)
First person singular ending: -आनि (पठानि = let me read)
Most natural use: 'त्वं पठ' — You read! Direct command
Blessings also use Lot: 'सुखी भव' — Be happy!
लोट् लकार = आज्ञार्थ (Imperative Mood — Command/Order/Request). जब किसी को कुछ करने का आदेश, अनुरोध, या अनुमति देनी हो, तब लोट् लकार का प्रयोग होता है। Uses: Direct command — 'Read!' (पठ). Request/permission — 'Let him go' (सः गच्छतु). Blessing — 'May you be happy!' (सुखी भव). Invitation — 'Please sit' (उपविश).
Parasmaipada endings for Lot Lakar:
पुरुष | एकवचन | द्विवचन | बहुवचन प्रथम पुरुष | -तु | -ताम् | -न्तु मध्यम पुरुष | (root) or -हि | -तम् | -त उत्तम पुरुष | -आनि | -आव | -आम
Note: Madhyama Ekavachana (second person singular command) often uses just the verb root: पठ (read!), गच्छ (go!), वद (speak!). Alternatively -हि suffix: पठहि, गच्छहि.
भू (to be) — Lot Lakar: भवतु, भवताम्, भवन्तु | भव / भवहि, भवतम्, भवत | भवानि, भवाव, भवाम
पठ् (to read) — Lot Lakar: पठतु, पठताम्, पठन्तु | पठ / पठहि, पठतम्, पठत | पठानि, पठाव, पठाम
गम् (to go) — Lot Lakar: गच्छतु, गच्छताम्, गच्छन्तु | गच्छ / गच्छहि, गच्छतम्, गच्छत | गच्छानि, गच्छाव, गच्छाम
लिख् (to write) — Lot Lakar: लिखतु, लिखताम्, लिखन्तु | लिख / लिखहि, लिखतम्, लिखत | लिखानि, लिखाव, लिखाम
वद् (to speak) — Lot Lakar: वदतु, वदताम्, वदन्तु | वद / वदहि, वदतम्, वदत | वदानि, वदाव, वदाम
Examples: • त्वं पठ — You read! (command) • सः विद्यालयं गच्छतु — Let him go to school. • बालकाः खेलन्तु — Let the children play. • अहं पठानि — Let me read. • सत्यं वद — Speak the truth! (command) • सुखी भव — Be happy! (blessing) • आचार्यः पाठयतु — Let the teacher teach. • त्वं संस्कृतं पठहि — You study Sanskrit! • वयं गच्छाम — Let us go.
Identify Lot Lakar by: (1) Third person singular ends in -तु (पठतु, गच्छतु). (2) Third person plural ends in -न्तु (पठन्तु, गच्छन्तु). (3) Second person singular = bare root (पठ, गच्छ, वद) — or root + हि. (4) Context: command, request, blessing, permission. Key distinctions: Lot Lakar -तु vs. Vidhilinglakar -एत्. Lot = 'let him do' / command. Vidhiling = 'he should do' / obligation.
Lot Lakar (लोट् लकार) is the imperative mood in Sanskrit. It is used for commands, orders, requests, blessings, and permissions. Third person singular ends in -तु (e.g., पठतु = let him read; गच्छतु = let him go). Second person singular command = bare root (पठ = Read!). This is one of the most important lakars tested in Sanskrit exams.
Parasmaipada Lot Lakar endings: Prathama (Third): Singular -तु, Dual -ताम्, Plural -न्तु. Madhyama (Second): Singular — bare root or root+-हि, Dual -तम्, Plural -त. Uttama (First): Singular -आनि, Dual -आव, Plural -आम.
Path (पठ्) dhatu Lot Lakar: Prathama — पठतु, पठताम्, पठन्तु. Madhyama — पठ (or पठहि), पठतम्, पठत. Uttama — पठानि, पठाव, पठाम. Example: 'त्वं पठहि' = You read! (command); 'सः पठतु' = Let him read.
Lot Lakar (Imperative): Direct command or permission. Third person singular ends in -तु. Example: पठतु = let him read. Vidhilinglakar (Optative): Obligation or recommendation ('should'). Third person singular ends in -एत्. Example: पठेत् = he should read. Lot = command ('do it!'); Vidhiling = duty/advice ('you should do it').
1. त्वं पठ — You read! 2. सः विद्यालयं गच्छतु — Let him go to school. 3. बालकाः खेलन्तु — Let the children play. 4. सत्यं वद — Speak the truth! 5. सुखी भव — Be happy! (blessing)
Blessings in Sanskrit use Lot Lakar, typically second or third person: सुखी भव — Be happy! (to you). दीर्घायुः भव — Live long! (blessing for long life). विजयी भव — Be victorious! यशस्वी भव — Be glorious/successful! चिरायु भव — May you live forever! These blessing forms use the root of भू (to be) → भव, plus an adjective in the desired state.
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