Looking for examples of Yamak Alankar in Marathi? Yamak Alankar (यमक अलंकार) is one of the most important Shabdalankar (sound-based figures of speech) in Marathi grammar. In Yamak Alankar, the same word or group of syllables is repeated two or more times in a verse, but each time it carries a different meaning. The word 'Yamak' means 'twin' or 'pair' — the same sound appears paired with a different meaning. Yamak is different from Anupras because in Anupras the same sound simply repeats, whereas in Yamak the repeated sound must have a different meaning each time. This guide gives you 25+ clear examples of Yamak Alankar in Marathi with explanations to help you understand, identify, and write Yamak in your exams.
Yamak Alankar (यमक अलंकार) = the same word or syllable group appears 2+ times with DIFFERENT meanings each time.
Yamak is a Shabdalankar (शब्दालंकार) — beauty comes from sound, not meaning.
Most famous Marathi example: 'सुसंगति सदा घडो, सुजनवाक्य कानी पडो | कलंक मतीचा झडो, विषय सर्वथा नावडो ||' — all four line-endings (-डो) sound the same but mean different things.
Another classic example: 'नाचत येरे मोरा | आनंद वाटतो मोरा ||' — मोरा means both 'O peacock' and 'to me'.
Key rule: If the repeated word has the SAME meaning, it is NOT Yamak — it is just repetition (पुनरावृत्ती).
Yamak vs Anupras: Anupras repeats a single letter; Yamak repeats a full word/syllable group with different meanings.
Antayamak (अंत्ययमक) = Yamak at the end of lines — most common form in Marathi classical poetry.
Words with multiple meanings useful for Yamak: कर (hand/do/tax), पाठ (back/lesson), मन (mind/forbid), काळ (time/death), वाणी (speech/community).
Yamak Alankar (यमक अलंकार) is a Shabdalankar — a sound-based figure of speech in Marathi grammar.
Definition (व्याख्या): When the same word or group of syllables appears two or more times in a poem or sentence, but with a different meaning each time, it is called Yamak Alankar.
Simple definition: Same sound + Different meaning = Yamak Alankar.
The word 'Yamak' (यमक) comes from the Sanskrit word 'Yama' meaning 'twin' or 'paired' — the same sound is paired with a different meaning.
Key Rule to Remember: • The word or syllable group must be the SAME (same sound). • The meaning must be DIFFERENT each time it appears. • This is what separates Yamak from other Shabdalankar.
Where Yamak appears: • At the end of lines in a poem (most common — called 'antayamak') • At the beginning of lines • Within a line (internal yamak) • Throughout a poem as a repeating pattern
Type: Yamak is classified as a Shabdalankar (शब्दालंकार) because the beauty comes from the sound and arrangement of words, not from their meaning. Even if you replace the words with synonyms, the Yamak effect is lost.
Follow these three steps to identify Yamak Alankar in any poem or sentence:
Step 1: Find the repeated word or syllable group. Look for a word or group of syllables (2+ sounds) that appears more than once in the verse.
Step 2: Check that the sound is identical. The sound must be exactly the same — same letters, same pronunciation.
Step 3: Confirm the meanings are different. If the repeated sound has a DIFFERENT meaning each time, it is Yamak Alankar.
Important Distinction — Yamak vs Anupras: • Anupras: Same single letter or sound repeats many times. Meaning may be same or different. Example: 'क' repeated in 'काकाने काकीच्या कपाटातील काकड्या काढल्या.' • Yamak: Same WORD or SYLLABLE GROUP repeats but with DIFFERENT meaning. Example: मोरा (peacock) and मोरा (to me) — same sound, completely different meanings.
Quick identification test:
If the repeated word has the same meaning both times, it is NOT Yamak — it may be just emphasis (पुनरावृत्ती).
Here are 25+ examples of Yamak Alankar in Marathi, from classic to simple, to help you understand every type:
CLASSIC LITERARY EXAMPLES (परीक्षेत विचारले जाणारे):
'सुसंगति सदा घडो, सुजनवाक्य कानी पडो | कलंक मतीचा झडो, विषय सर्वथा नावडो ||' Yamak: घडो (may it happen), पडो (may it fall/reach), झडो (may it be removed), नावडो (may it be disliked) — all end in the same 'डो' sound but have completely different meanings. This is the most famous example of Yamak in Marathi from Samarth Ramdas.
'नाचत येरे मोरा | आनंद वाटतो मोरा ||' Yamak: मोरा (O peacock! — calling the peacock) and मोरा (to me/my — in dialectal Marathi meaning 'मला'). Same sound, different meaning.
'माझिया मना बा माझिया मना | थांब जरा जाऊ नको मना ||' Yamak: मना (mind/heart — 'माझ्या मनाला') and मना (forbid/stop — 'मनाई करणे'). Two meanings of the word 'मना'.
'काव्यरसिका, ऐक हे गाणे | जगण्यास शिकव तू ही कहाणी सुरेख गाणे ||' Yamak: गाणे (song) and गाणे (singing — the act). Both spelled the same but used differently.
SIMPLE EXAMPLES FOR STUDENTS (सोपी उदाहरणे):
'कर कर करत जाय | पुण्याचे कर घडाय ||' Yamak: कर (do it — imperative), कर (hand — noun). 'करत जाय' (keep doing) vs 'पुण्याचे कर' (hands of virtue).
'हात मिळव या जगात | आणि हात दे गरजवंतात ||' Yamak: हात मिळव (make friends/shake hands) and हात दे (give help/lend a hand). हात (hand) carries different contextual meanings.
'तुझी गोड वाणी | रोज सांग वाणी ||' Yamak: वाणी (speech/voice — वाणी म्हणजे बोलण्याची शक्ती) and वाणी (a community/shopkeeper — वाणी जातीचे लोक). Same word, different meaning.
'राम राम करत जगत जाई | राम राम म्हणत मरत जाई ||' Yamak: राम राम (greeting each other) and राम राम (saying farewell at death — calling God's name). Same 'राम राम' sound but different life contexts.
'जडले माझे मन तुज | जड झाले मन माझे तुज ||' Yamak: जडले (became attached — 'attached to you') and जड (became heavy — became troubled). 'जड' changes meaning.
'काळ आला परी वेळ नाही | वेळ आली परी काळ नाही ||' Yamak: काळ (time — opportunity in life) and काळ (death — 'काळाने नेले'). काळ means both 'time' and 'death'. Similarly, वेळ shifts meaning.
ADVANCED EXAMPLES (प्रगत उदाहरणे):
'फुलला बाग सुंदर रे | दिसे आभाळ सुंदर रे | वाटे जग हे सुंदर रे | जगणे सार्थक सुंदर रे ||' Yamak: 'सुंदर रे' repeats at end of each line — same sound, different context (garden beauty, sky beauty, world beauty, life beauty).
'पाण्यावर पाणी आले | पाण्यात पाणी मिळाले ||' Yamak: पाण्यावर पाणी (water on water — more water came) and पाण्यात पाणी (water merged in water — tears in the river).
'देव देव करता | देव भेटे सत्कर्ता ||' Yamak: देव देव करता (calling God's name repeatedly) and देव भेटे (God appears to the good-doer). देव (God) shifts in usage.
'घर सोड जाऊ नको | माझे घर नाही ओ ||' Yamak: घर सोड (don't leave home) and माझे घर नाही (I have no home). 'घर' — same word, different emotional weight.
'पाय ठेव सावधान | पाय पडतो गुरूला ||' Yamak: पाय ठेव (place your foot carefully) and पाय पडतो (touch feet respectfully). पाय carries literal and cultural meaning.
MORE EXAMPLES FROM TEXTBOOKS:
'जळे त्याचे जळो | आपण आनंदे खेळो ||' Yamak: जळे (burns — someone suffers) and जळो (let it burn — don't care). जळ root with different forms and meanings.
'सांग मला सांग | कुठे लागला तुला सांग ||' Yamak: सांग (tell me) and सांग (pain — 'सांग लागणे' means to feel hurt/sore). Different meaning.
'चंद्र उगवला आभाळात | चंद्र फुलला आंगणात ||' Yamak: चंद्र (moon in sky) and चंद्र (moonflower bloomed in the yard — 'चंद्रमालती' or figurative). Shifting meaning.
'डोळे मिट आता | डोळे नको मिटू ||' Yamak: डोळे मिट (close your eyes — rest) and डोळे नको मिटू (don't close eyes — don't die). Opposite emotional meanings.
'माय माऊली माझी | सेवा करतो माझी ||' Yamak: माझी (my — माझी माय) and माझी (of mine — सेवा करतो माझी = serves me). Ownership shifts.
SIMPLEST EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE:
'तांबे घे तांबे | पाण्याचे तांबे ||' Yamak: तांबे (copper — metal) and तांबे (a pot/vessel made of copper). Different noun meanings.
'सुरू सुरू झाले | काम सुरू झाले ||' Yamak: सुरू (beginning — 'it started') repeated but second time with new context of 'work'.
'डाळिंब खाऊ | डाळिंब देऊ ||' Yamak: डाळिंब खाऊ (eat pomegranate) and डाळिंब देऊ (give pomegranate — as gift). Same word, different action.
'पाठ केले धडे | पाठ दुखते माझी ||' Yamak: पाठ केले (memorized/learned — 'पाठांतर केले') and पाठ दुखते (back hurts — body part). पाठ = memory and पाठ = back.
'बोल बोलत जाई | खोटे बोल नको ||' Yamak: बोल (speak — verb) and बोल (false words/accusations — 'बोल लावणे'). Same sound, noun vs verb.
Students often confuse Yamak with Anupras. Here is the clear difference:
Anupras Alankar (अनुप्रास अलंकार): • A single letter or sound is repeated many times. • The repeated sound creates a musical/rhythmic effect. • The same letter appears — it doesn't need to have a different meaning. • Example: 'काकाने काकीच्या कपाटातील काकड्या काढल्या' — the letter 'क' repeats. • The beauty is in the rhythm of the repeated sound.
Yamak Alankar (यमक अलंकार): • A whole word or group of 2+ syllables repeats. • The repeated word or syllable must have a DIFFERENT meaning each time. • If the meaning is the same, it is NOT Yamak. • Example: मोरा (peacock) and मोरा (to me) — same sound, different meaning. • The beauty is in the clever use of the same sound to mean different things.
Key Difference Table:
Feature | Anupras | Yamak What repeats | Single letter/sound | Full word or syllable group Meaning | Same word, different positions | Same sound, DIFFERENT meanings Example | क, क, क repeating | मोरा (peacock) vs मोरा (mine) Type | Shabdalankar | Shabdalankar Identifier | Look for one repeated letter | Look for repeated word/syllable with different meanings
Remember: Both are Shabdalankar (sound-based), but Yamak requires a DIFFERENT meaning for the repeated element. This meaning-shift is what makes Yamak special.
Yamak is used extensively in Marathi classical and folk poetry. Here are some well-known uses:
Samarth Ramdas and Yamak: Samarth Ramdas (1608–1681), the great Marathi saint-poet, used Yamak extensively in his 'Manache Shlok' (मनाचे श्लोक). The verse 'सुसंगति सदा घडो, सुजनवाक्य कानी पडो | कलंक मतीचा झडो, विषय सर्वथा नावडो' is the most famous example of Yamak in Marathi literature.
The -डो pattern: In Marathi classical poetry, Yamak often appears at the end of lines (called Antayamak — अंत्ययमक). Lines ending in the same sound (-डो, -ला, -त्या, -णे) but with different words carrying different meanings is a hallmark of this style.
Folk songs (लोकगीते) and Yamak: Marathi folk songs (lavani, povada, abhanga) frequently use Yamak for entertainment and easy memorization. The repetition of sounds with different meanings creates a playful, musical effect that makes the song memorable.
Abhanga and Yamak: Tukaram's and Dnyaneshwar's abhangas use a form of yamak where the same refrain line is repeated but the context of the poem gives it a slightly different shade of meaning each time.
Modern Marathi Poetry: Modern Marathi poets like Keshavsut, Balakaviand B.S. Mardhekar also use Yamak — sometimes ironically — to create layers of meaning within a poem.
How to answer Yamak Alankar questions in your Marathi exam:
Step 1 — Read the line carefully. Identify any word or syllable group that appears more than once.
Step 2 — Check for different meanings. If the repeated element has different meanings → Yamak Alankar. If the repeated element has the same meaning → Not Yamak (may be emphasis/पुनरावृत्ती).
Step 3 — Write your answer: Format: 'हे वाक्य / हे ओळी यमक अलंकाराचे उदाहरण आहे कारण ___ हा शब्द/शब्दसमूह दोनदा आला असून त्याचे अर्थ वेगळे आहेत.'
How to write a Yamak example of your own:
Example of creating your own Yamak: Word: पाठ (meaning 1: back of body | meaning 2: memorize/lesson) 'पाठ केला मी धडा आज | पाठ दुखते माझी, रोज ||'
Quick Summary Table: • Definition: Same word/syllable repeated with different meanings. • Type: Shabdalankar (शब्दालंकार) • Key trigger: Same sound — Different meaning. • Most famous example: 'सुसंगति सदा घडो...' (Ramdas) • Difference from Anupras: Yamak repeats full words/syllables with different meanings; Anupras repeats single letters. • Exam tip: Always point out WHAT repeats and WHY the meanings are different.
Yamak Alankar (यमक अलंकार) is a Shabdalankar in Marathi grammar where the same word or syllable group appears two or more times in a verse, but carries a different meaning each time. The word 'Yamak' means 'twin' — the same sound is twinned with a different meaning. Example: 'नाचत येरे मोरा | आनंद वाटतो मोरा ||' — मोरा means 'O peacock' in the first line and 'to me' in the second.
5 examples of Yamak Alankar in Marathi: (1) 'सुसंगति सदा घडो, सुजनवाक्य कानी पडो | कलंक मतीचा झडो, विषय सर्वथा नावडो ||' — घडो/पडो/झडो/नावडो all end in -डो but mean different things. (2) 'नाचत येरे मोरा | आनंद वाटतो मोरा ||' — मोरा = peacock and mORA = to me. (3) 'माझिया मना बा माझिया मना | थांब जरा जाऊ नको मना ||' — मना = mind and मना = forbidden. (4) 'पाठ केला मी धडा | पाठ दुखते माझी ||' — पाठ = lesson and पाठ = back. (5) 'काळ आला परी वेळ नाही | वेळ आली परी काळ नाही ||' — काळ = time and काळ = death.
The most famous example of Yamak Alankar in Marathi is from Samarth Ramdas: 'सुसंगति सदा घडो, सुजनवाक्य कानी पडो | कलंक मतीचा झडो, विषय सर्वथा नावडो ||' All four lines end with the same -डो sound — घडो (may it happen), पडो (may it reach my ears), झडो (may it be removed), नावडो (may it become disliked) — but each has a completely different meaning. This is called Antayamak — yamak at the end of each line.
Anupras Alankar: A single letter or sound is repeated many times — 'काकाने काकीच्या कपाटातील काकड्या काढल्या' (letter 'क' repeats). The meaning doesn't need to change. Yamak Alankar: A full word or syllable group (2+ sounds) is repeated, and the meaning MUST be different each time. Example: मोरा (peacock) and मोरा (to me) — same sound, different meanings. Key difference: Yamak requires different meanings for the repeated element; Anupras does not.
To identify Yamak Alankar: Step 1 — Find a word or syllable group that appears more than once in the poem. Step 2 — Check that the sound is exactly the same. Step 3 — Confirm that the meaning is DIFFERENT each time. If all three conditions are met, it is Yamak Alankar. If the repeated word has the same meaning, it is NOT Yamak — it is repetition (पुनरावृत्ती). Look especially at the ends of lines where Antayamak is most common.
Antayamak (अंत्ययमक) is a specific type of Yamak where the same sound or syllable group appears at the END of each line in a poem, but with different meanings. The word 'anta' means 'end.' The most famous example is Ramdas's verse: 'सुसंगति सदा घडो, सुजनवाक्य कानी पडो | कलंक मतीचा झडो, विषय सर्वथा नावडो ||' where घडो, पडो, झडो, नावडो all end each line with the -डो sound but mean different things. Antayamak is the most commonly tested form in Marathi exams.
To create Yamak, choose a word with two meanings. Example using 'पाठ' (meaning 1: back of the body | meaning 2: to memorize a lesson): 'पाठ केला मी धडा आज | पाठ दुखते माझी, रोज ||' — Here 'पाठ' in the first line means 'memorized the lesson' and in the second line means 'my back hurts.' Another example using 'हात': 'हात मिळव सर्वांशी | हात दे गरजूंशी ||' — हात मिळव = befriend; हात दे = help.
Yamak Alankar is a Shabdalankar (शब्दालंकार) — a sound-based figure of speech. The beauty of Yamak comes from the clever repetition of the same SOUND (word or syllable group) with different meanings. If you replaced the repeated words with synonyms, the Yamak effect would disappear — which is the test for any Shabdalankar. This is different from Arthalankar (Upama, Utpreksha, Rupak) where the beauty comes from the meaning/idea being expressed.
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