Active and Passive Voice — Rules and Exercises

FORMULA: Active: Subject + Verb + Object Passive: Object + be (correct form) + Past Participle + by + Subject

Tense-wise Rules:

1. Simple Present: • Active: S + V₁(s/es) + O • Passive: O + is/am/are + V₃ + by S • Example: She writes a letter. → A letter is written by her.

2. Simple Past: • Active: S + V₂ + O • Passive: O + was/were + V₃ + by S • Example: He broke the window. → The window was broken by him.

3. Simple Future: • Active: S + will + V₁ + O • Passive: O + will be + V₃ + by S • Example: She will sing a song. → A song will be sung by her.

4. Present Continuous: • Active: S + is/am/are + V₁-ing + O • Passive: O + is/am/are + being + V₃ + by S • Example: They are playing cricket. → Cricket is being played by them.

5. Past Continuous: • Active: S + was/were + V₁-ing + O • Passive: O + was/were + being + V₃ + by S • Example: He was reading a book. → A book was being read by him.

6. Present Perfect: • Active: S + has/have + V₃ + O • Passive: O + has/have + been + V₃ + by S • Example: She has cleaned the room. → The room has been cleaned by her.

7. Past Perfect: • Active: S + had + V₃ + O • Passive: O + had + been + V₃ + by S • Example: He had written the report. → The report had been written by him.

Pronoun Changes in Passive Voice:

Exercises (Change Active to Passive):

1. She teaches English. → English is taught by her.
2. Ram bought a car. → A car was bought by Ram.
3. They will build a bridge. → A bridge will be built by them.
4. The dog bit the boy. → The boy was bitten by the dog.
5. Mother is cooking food. → Food is being cooked by mother.
6. He has completed the work. → The work has been completed by him.
7. We were watching a movie. → A movie was being watched by us.
8. The teacher had given homework. → Homework had been given by the teacher.
9. Sachin hit a six. → A six was hit by Sachin.
10. The police arrested the thief. → The thief was arrested by the police.
11. She will write a poem. → A poem will be written by her.
12. They are building a house. → A house is being built by them.
13. My sister cooks dinner. → Dinner is cooked by my sister.
14. He has eaten the food. → The food has been eaten by him.
15. The farmer grows wheat. → Wheat is grown by the farmer.

Practice (with answers): 16. She sings a song. → A song is sung by her. 17. They are repairing the road. → The road is being repaired by them. 18. He wrote a letter. → A letter was written by him. 19. We will buy vegetables. → Vegetables will be bought by us. 20. The principal announced the results. → The results were announced by the principal.