Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni are the fundamental musical notes (Swaras) of Indian Classical Music. Together, they form the Sargam (the equivalent of Solfege in Western music).
According to ancient Indian texts like the Natya Shastra, the sounds of the 7 swaras were originally inspired by the sounds of animals and birds (e.g., Sa = Peacock, Re = Bull, Pa = Cuckoo).
The word 'Sargam' is formed by joining the first four notes (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma). The 7 swaras (Saptak) each have a full, ancient Sanskrit name:
Indian classical music uses a relative scale, but if we align 'Sa' with the Western 'C' note, the equivalent scale (Major Scale) looks like this:
Out of these 7 notes:
A Saptak is a set of seven notes (Sa to Ni). It is the Indian equivalent of an 'Octave'. In singing, we usually refer to Mandra Saptak (lower octave), Madhya Saptak (middle octave), and Taar Saptak (higher octave).
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