Ram shabd roop (राम शब्द रूप) is the declension table of the Sanskrit word 'Ram' (राम), meaning Lord Rama or a person named Ram. Ram is a masculine noun ending in -a (अकारान्त, पुल्लिंग). It is the most fundamental and widely tested shabd roop pattern in Sanskrit. The declension pattern of Ram is the model for all masculine nouns ending in -a (such as बालक, देव, वृक्ष, नर, पाठ). Mastering Ram shabd roop covers hundreds of Sanskrit nouns.
Ram (राम) = Lord Rama, or a person named Ram
Linga: Pullinga (Masculine); Ending: A-kaaranta (अकारान्त)
Most important shabd roop pattern — covers all masculine -a ending nouns
Prathamā Ekavachana: रामः; Dvivachana: रामौ; Bahuvachana: रामाः
Pattern applies to: बालक, देव, वृक्ष, नर, पाठ, छात्र, गज
Sambodhan Ekavachana: हे राम! (bare stem — no ending)
Ṣaṣṭhī Bahuvachana: रामाणाम् (note -ण-)
One of the first shabd roop taught in class 6 Sanskrit
विभक्ति | एकवचन | द्विवचन | बहुवचन प्रथमा (Subject) | रामः | रामौ | रामाः द्वितीया (Object) | रामम् | रामौ | रामान् तृतीया (By/With) | रामेण | रामाभ्याम् | रामैः चतुर्थी (For/To) | रामाय | रामाभ्याम् | रामेभ्यः पञ्चमी (From) | रामात् | रामाभ्याम् | रामेभ्यः षष्ठी (Of) | रामस्य | रामयोः | रामाणाम् सप्तमी (In/At) | रामे | रामयोः | रामेषु सम्बोधन (Vocative) | हे राम! | हे रामौ! | हे रामाः!
प्रथमा — Nominative (Subject): रामः गच्छति — Ram goes. द्वितीया — Accusative (Object): रामं नमामि — I bow to Ram. तृतीया — Instrumental (By/With): रामेण सह — Along with Ram. चतुर्थी — Dative (For/To): रामाय पुस्तकम् — Book for Ram. पञ्चमी — Ablative (From): रामात् शिक्षा — Learning from Ram. षष्ठी — Genitive (Of/Possession): रामस्य पुत्रः — Son of Ram. सप्तमी — Locative (In/At): रामे भक्तिः — Devotion in/to Ram. सम्बोधन — Vocative: हे राम! — O Ram!
Ram shabd roop is the model for ALL masculine Sanskrit nouns ending in -a (अकारान्त पुल्लिंग). This is the largest and most important group. Words following the same pattern: बालक (boy) — बालकः, बालकौ, बालकाः देव (god) — देवः, देवौ, देवाः वृक्ष (tree) — वृक्षः, वृक्षौ, वृक्षाः नर (man) — नरः, नरौ, नराः पाठ (lesson) — पाठः, पाठौ, पाठाः छात्र (student) — छात्रः, छात्रौ, छात्राः गज (elephant) — गजः, गजौ, गजाः The pattern: Prathamā Ekavachana always adds -ः (visarga). Dvivachana always uses -औ. Bahuvachana Prathamā uses -ाः.
Key patterns: (1) Prathamā Ek: रामः (add visarga). (2) Prathamā/Dvitīyā Dvi: रामौ (same for both). (3) Prathamā Bahu: रामाः. (4) Tṛtīyā Ek: रामेण. (5) Chaturthi/Pañchamī Dvi: रामाभ्याम् (same for both). (6) Ṣaṣṭhī/Saptami Dvi: रामयोः (same for both). (7) Ṣaṣṭhī Bahu: रामाणाम् (note the -ण-). (8) Saptami Bahu: रामेषु. (9) Sambodhan Ek: हे राम! (no ending — just the bare stem).
Sentence practice:
Ram shabd roop (राम शब्द रूप) is the declension table of the Sanskrit word 'Ram' (राम). Ram is a masculine noun ending in -a (अकारान्त पुल्लिंग). It is the most fundamental and widely tested shabd roop pattern in Sanskrit grammar, serving as the model for all masculine -a ending nouns. The table shows how 'Ram' changes in all 7 vibhaktis (grammatical cases) and 3 vachans (singular, dual, plural).
Ram shabd roop in Ekavachana (singular): Prathamā — रामः; Dvitīyā — रामम्; Tṛtīyā — रामेण; Chaturthi — रामाय; Pañchamī — रामात्; Ṣaṣṭhī — रामस्य; Saptami — रामे; Sambodhan — हे राम!
Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative Case — Subject): Ekavachana — रामः; Dvivachana — रामौ; Bahuvachana — रामाः. Example: रामः वनम् गच्छति (Ram goes to the forest); रामौ गच्छतः (Two Rams go); रामाः गच्छन्ति (Rams go).
All masculine Sanskrit nouns ending in -a follow the Ram shabd roop pattern. Common examples: बालक (boy) — बालकः, बालकौ, बालकाः; देव (god) — देवः, देवौ, देवाः; वृक्ष (tree) — वृक्षः, वृक्षौ, वृक्षाः; नर (man) — नरः, नरौ, नराः; छात्र (student) — छात्रः, छात्रौ, छात्राः; ग्राम (village) — ग्रामः, ग्रामौ, ग्रामाः; शिष्य (disciple) — शिष्यः, शिष्यौ, शिष्याः.
Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (Genitive — Of/Possession): Ekavachana — रामस्य; Dvivachana — रामयोः; Bahuvachana — रामाणाम्. Usage: 'रामस्य पुत्रः' — Ram's son (literally 'son of Ram'). The Bahuvachana form रामाणाम् (of many Rams) has a notable -ण- sandhi that students often forget.
Sambodhan (Vocative Case — Addressing): Ekavachana — हे राम! (O Ram!); Dvivachana — हे रामौ! (O you two Rams!); Bahuvachana — हे रामाः! (O Rams!). Note: In Sambodhan Ekavachana, for -a ending nouns, the bare stem is used without any ending (just राम, not रामः). The 'हे' is prefixed as a calling particle. Famous usage: 'हे राम!' are said to be the last words of Mahatma Gandhi.
Prathamā (Nominative/Subject): रामः (singular), रामौ (dual), रामाः (plural). Dvitīyā (Accusative/Object): रामम् (singular), रामौ (dual), रामान् (plural). Key difference: Singular — रामः (subject) vs. रामम् (object). Dvivachana is the same (रामौ) for both cases. Bahuvachana — रामाः (subject) vs. रामान् (object). Example: 'रामः रामं पश्यति' would be nonsensical — but 'सः रामं पश्यति' (He sees Ram — Ram is the object, so Dvitīyā रामम्) is correct.
Ram shabd roop in Bahuvachana (plural): Prathamā — रामाः; Dvitīyā — रामान्; Tṛtīyā — रामैः; Chaturthi — रामेभ्यः; Pañchamī — रामेभ्यः; Ṣaṣṭhī — रामाणाम्; Saptami — रामेषु; Sambodhan — हे रामाः! Note: Chaturthi and Pañchamī plural are identical (रामेभ्यः). Ṣaṣṭhī plural has -ण- (रामाणाम्).
Ram (राम) is an A-kaaranta (ending in -a) masculine noun. Guru (गुरु) is a U-kaaranta (ending in -u) masculine noun. Key differences in Ekavachana: Prathamā: रामः vs. गुरुः. Tṛtīyā: रामेण vs. गुरुणा. Chaturthi: रामाय vs. गुरवे. Ṣaṣṭhī: रामस्य vs. गुरोः. Sambodhan: हे राम! vs. हे गुरो! Ram shabd roop is the most common pattern (most Sanskrit nouns are -a ending). Guru shabd roop covers the -u ending group.
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