Present Indefinite Tense in Hindi is called 'Samanya Vartaman Kaal' (सामान्य वर्तमान काल). It is used to express actions that happen regularly, habitually, or as general truths. In English, this corresponds to sentences like 'He reads' or 'She goes to school.' In Hindi, the verb takes the ending ता (masculine singular), ती (feminine), or ते (masculine plural), followed by है or हैं. It is one of the most fundamental tenses in Hindi grammar and is tested in every school examination from Class 5 onwards.
Present Indefinite Tense in Hindi = Samanya Vartaman Kaal (सामान्य वर्तमान काल).
Formula: Subject + Object + Verb Root + ता/ती/ते + है/हैं.
ता is for masculine singular, ती for feminine, ते for masculine plural.
Used for habitual actions, general truths, and permanent situations.
Negative: Add 'नहीं' before the helping verb.
Interrogative: Start with 'क्या' or use a question word.
Helping verbs used: है, हैं, हूँ, हो — based on person and number.
Hindi has 4 types of present tense: Samanya, Tatkalik, Puran, Sandigdha.
Hindi Name: सामान्य वर्तमान काल (Samanya Vartaman Kaal)
Basic Formula: Subject + Object + Verb Root + ता/ती/ते + है/हैं
Verb Endings Based on Gender and Number:
| Subject | Verb Ending | Helping Verb |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine Singular (वह, राम) | ता | है |
| Feminine Singular (वह, सीता) | ती | है |
| Masculine Plural (वे, लड़के) | ते | हैं |
| Feminine Plural (वे, लड़कियाँ) | ती | हैं |
| मैं (I) | ता/ती | हूँ |
| हम (We) | ते/ती | हैं |
| तुम (You - informal) | ते/ती | हो |
| आप (You - formal) | ते/ती | हैं |
Key Rule: • The verb root + ता/ती/ते is determined by the GENDER and NUMBER of the subject • Helping verb (है/हैं/हूँ/हो) is determined by the PERSON and NUMBER of the subject
When is Present Indefinite Used?
Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्य):
First Person (उत्तम पुरुष): • मैं खाना खाता हूँ। (I eat food.) [Masculine] • मैं खाना खाती हूँ। (I eat food.) [Feminine] • हम स्कूल जाते हैं। (We go to school.)
Second Person (मध्यम पुरुष): • तुम पुस्तक पढ़ते हो। (You read a book.) [informal] • आप काम करते हैं। (You do work.) [formal]
Third Person (अन्य पुरुष): • वह / राम पत्र लिखता है। (He / Ram writes a letter.) [M. Singular] • वह / सीता गाना गाती है। (She / Sita sings a song.) [F. Singular] • वे / लड़के फुटबॉल खेलते हैं। (They / Boys play football.) [M. Plural] • वे / लड़कियाँ नृत्य करती हैं। (They / Girls dance.) [F. Plural]
Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य): Add 'नहीं' before the helping verb: • वह स्कूल नहीं जाता है। (He does not go to school.) • मैं चाय नहीं पीती हूँ। (I do not drink tea.) • वे क्रिकेट नहीं खेलते हैं। (They do not play cricket.)
Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य): Start with 'क्या' or use question words: • क्या वह खाना खाता है? (Does he eat food?) • क्या तुम हिंदी बोलते हो? (Do you speak Hindi?) • वह कहाँ जाता है? (Where does he go?) • तुम क्या करते हो? (What do you do?)
Hindi has four types of Vartaman Kaal (Present Tense):
Samanya Vartaman Kaal (Present Indefinite): — Formula: Verb + ता/ती/ते + है/हैं — Example: वह पढ़ता है। (He reads.) — Use: Habitual actions, general truths
Asamanya / Tatkalik Vartaman Kaal (Present Continuous): — Formula: Verb + रहा/रही/रहे + है/हैं — Example: वह पढ़ रहा है। (He is reading.) — Use: Action happening right now
Puran Vartaman Kaal (Present Perfect): — Formula: Verb + आ/ई/ए + है/हैं — Example: वह आया है। (He has come.) — Use: Recently completed action with present relevance
Sandigdha Vartaman Kaal (Present Perfect Continuous): — Formula: Verb + ता/ती/ते + होगा/होगी/होंगे — Example: वह पढ़ता होगा। (He might be reading.) — Use: Uncertain present action
Samanya Vartaman Kaal is the MOST IMPORTANT for basic Hindi grammar exams.
Present Indefinite Tense ko Hindi mein 'Samanya Vartaman Kaal' (सामान्य वर्तमान काल) kehte hain. Iska upyog niyamit, aadat se ya samanya satya ke liye kiya jaata hai.
Structure: Karta (Subject) + Karma (Object) + Kriya Mool + ता/ती/ते + है/हैं. Example: 'Ram roz school jata hai.' — Ram + roz + school + ja + ta + hai.
ता — Masculine singular ke liye (vah, Ram). ती — Feminine (vah, Sita, main [stree]). ते — Masculine plural (ve, ladke, ham). Yah karte ke ling (gender) aur vachan (number) par nirbhar karta hai.
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