Combine Sentences Using Conjunctions, Infinitives and Relative Pronouns

Coordinating conjunctions join two equal clauses: • AND: addition — She sings. She dances. → She sings and dances. • BUT: contrast — He is rich. He is not happy. → He is rich but not happy. • OR: choice — Work hard. You will fail. → Work hard or you will fail. • SO: result — It was raining. We stayed in. → It was raining, so we stayed in.

Subordinating conjunctions join a main clause with a dependent clause: • BECAUSE (reason): She was late. She missed the bus. → She was late because she missed the bus. • ALTHOUGH/THOUGH (contrast): He was tired. He kept working. → Although he was tired, he kept working. • WHEN (time): The bell rang. The students left. → The students left when the bell rang. • IF (condition): You study hard. You will pass. → If you study hard, you will pass. • SINCE (reason/time): She left. I have been alone. → Since she left, I have been alone.

Exercises with Answers:

1. He worked hard. He succeeded. → He worked hard, so he succeeded. / He succeeded because he worked hard.

2. She is intelligent. She is humble. → She is intelligent and humble. / She is intelligent but humble.

3. It was hot. We went swimming. → Since it was hot, we went swimming.

4. He is poor. He is honest. → Although he is poor, he is honest.

5. She will come. She gets better. → She will come when she gets better.

An infinitive (to + base verb) is used to express purpose or intent. It replaces phrases like 'in order to', 'so that he could', 'so as to'.

Rule: Combine by using 'to + verb' to show the purpose of the action.

Examples: • He went to the market. He wanted to buy vegetables. → He went to the market to buy vegetables.

• She studies hard. She wants to get good marks. → She studies hard to get good marks.

• He went to the doctor. He wanted to get treated. → He went to the doctor to get treated.

Exercises with Answers:

1. She opened the window. She wanted to let in fresh air. → She opened the window to let in fresh air.

2. He saved money. He wanted to buy a bicycle. → He saved money to buy a bicycle.

3. They woke up early. They wanted to catch the train. → They woke up early to catch the train.

4. She went to the library. She wanted to borrow books. → She went to the library to borrow books.

5. He asked Rama to go with him. (This is already combined using infinitive: 'to go'.) → Original: He said to Rama, 'Go with me.' / He requested Rama. He wanted Rama to go with him. → Combined: He asked Rama to go with him.

WHO — for people: • I know a man. He can help you. → I know a man who can help you.

WHICH — for things/animals: • I read a book. It was very interesting. → I read a book which was very interesting.

THAT — for people or things: • She has a cat. It is white. → She has a cat that is white.

WHERE — for places: • This is the school. I studied here. → This is the school where I studied.

WHOSE — possession: • I met a girl. Her eyes were blue. → I met a girl whose eyes were blue.

Exercises with Answers:

1. She is the teacher. She taught me English. → She is the teacher who taught me English.

2. He lost the pen. His father gave it to him. → He lost the pen which his father gave him.

3. This is the house. I was born here. → This is the house where I was born.

4. He is the boy. His father is a doctor. → He is the boy whose father is a doctor.

5. We visited a museum. It had many rare paintings. → We visited a museum that had many rare paintings.