Before the year 1900, scientists believed that light and heat (electromagnetic radiation) traveled as a continuous, unbroken wave. However, this theory failed to explain certain phenomena. Enter Max Planck, who changed physics forever with his Quantum Theory.
Core Idea: Energy travels in tiny packets, not as a continuous wave.
Name of packet: Quantum (or Photon for light).
Formula: E = hν.
Inventor: Max Planck (won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918).
In 1900, Max Planck proposed a revolutionary idea:
Planck gave the famous mathematical formula for the energy of a quantum:
E = hν
Where:
Planck's quantum theory states that radiant energy is emitted or absorbed not continuously, but in small, discrete packets called 'quanta' or 'photons'. The energy of each quantum is directly proportional to its frequency (E=hν).
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