Define Electric Flux and Electromotive Force (EMF)

Electric Flux is defined as the total number of electric field lines passing normally (perpendicularly) through a given surface area.

• It gives a measure of the strength of the electric field crossing a specific area.
• Formula: ΦE = E · A = EA cos(θ) (Where E is Electric Field, A is Area vector, and θ is the angle between them).
• SI Unit: Newton metre squared per Coulomb (N·m²/C) or Volts-metre (V·m).
• Type: It is a Scalar quantity.

Electromotive Force (EMF) is defined as the maximum potential difference between the two terminals of a battery or cell when no current is flowing through the circuit (an open circuit).

• Alternatively, it is the work done by a battery to move a unit positive charge once entirely around a complete circuit.
• Formula: ε = W / q (Work done / Charge)
• SI Unit: Volt (V) or Joules/Coulomb (J/C).
• Misnomer: It is called a 'force' due to historical reasons, but it is actually a measure of potential energy per unit charge, not a force.