What is an Electric Cell?

Every basic electric cell has three main parts:

1. Positive Terminal (+): The raised metallic cap at one end (the anode in discharge).
2. Negative Terminal (−): The flat metallic base at the other end (the cathode).
3. Electrolyte: A chemical substance (either liquid, paste, or solid) inside the cell that undergoes a chemical reaction to generate current.

When a wire is connected between the two terminals, electrons flow from the negative terminal, through the external circuit, to the positive terminal, creating electric current.

1. Primary Cells (Non-rechargeable): These cells cannot be recharged after the chemical reaction is complete. Once the chemicals are used up, the cell must be replaced.

• Example: Dry cell (Leclanche cell) used in torches and remote controls.

2. Secondary Cells (Rechargeable): These can be recharged by passing an electric current through them in the reverse direction, reversing the chemical reaction.

• Example: Lead-acid battery (used in cars), Lithium-ion battery (used in smartphones).