Chemical Effect of Electric Current

The passage of an electric current through a conducting solution causes chemical reactions. This phenomenon is called the chemical effect of electric current.

Common effects observed:

1. Bubbles of a gas may be formed on the electrodes (e.g., passing current through water releases Hydrogen and Oxygen).
2. Deposits of metal may be seen on electrodes.
3. Changes in the colour of the solution may occur.

The process of breaking down a chemical compound (in liquid/aqueous state) by passing an electric current through it is called electrolysis.

• Electrodes: The metal/carbon rods immersed in the liquid (Anode is positive, Cathode is negative).
• Electrolyte: The conducting liquid (like salt water or copper sulphate solution).

The most common application of this effect is Electroplating. It is the process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity.

• Example: Iron car parts are electroplated with Chromium to prevent rust and give a shiny appearance. Artificial jewelry is electroplated with gold or silver.