Article 243 forms the core of local self-government in India. Introduced heavily by the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts in 1992, this article provides the constitutional foundation for Panchayats (rural local bodies) and Municipalities (urban local bodies).
The 73rd Amendment gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions.
States with a population of less than 20 lakhs are not required to have the intermediate (Block) level panchayat.
The State Election Commission is responsible for conducting these local elections.
Article 243 is not just a single article; it is a whole series of articles from 243 to 243O (for Panchayats) and 243P to 243ZG (for Municipalities).
A Gram Sabha is a body consisting of all persons whose names are registered in the electoral rolls (voters list) for the village area. It is the foundation of the Panchayat system.
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