What are the 11 Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?

• They were not part of the original Constitution.
• 10 duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act (1976) upon the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.
• The 11th duty (regarding education for children) was added by the 86th Amendment Act (2002).

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India:

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
11. To provide opportunities for education to their child or ward between the ages of 6 and 14 years.