Study Guides/Chemistry/f-Block Elements Configuration
Study Guide · Chemistry

Electronic Configuration of f-Block Elements

In the Modern Periodic Table, the f-block elements are placed separately at the bottom. They are also known as Inner Transition Elements because their last electron enters the anti-penultimate (n-2) f-orbital.

Question (Click to Flip)

What is the general electronic configuration of f-block elements?

Answer

The general electronic configuration of f-block elements is (n-2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n-1)d⁰⁻¹ ns².

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Key Facts

General Formula: (n-2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n-1)d⁰⁻¹ ns²

Other Name: Inner Transition Elements.

Lanthanides: Fill the 4f orbital (Period 6).

Actinides: Fill the 5f orbital (Period 7, all radioactive).

General Electronic Configuration

The general outer electronic configuration for all f-block elements is:

(n-2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n-1)d⁰⁻¹ ns²

Where:

  • n = outermost shell (period number).
  • The outermost 's' orbital is full (ns²).
  • The penultimate 'd' orbital has 0 or 1 electron.
  • The anti-penultimate 'f' orbital progressively fills from 1 to 14 electrons.

The Two Series

The f-block consists of two horizontal rows:

1. Lanthanides (4f series)

  • Elements from Cerium (Ce, Z=58) to Lutetium (Lu, Z=71).
  • They belong to the 6th Period.
  • General Configuration: [Xe] 4f¹⁻¹⁴ 5d⁰⁻¹ 6s²

2. Actinides (5f series)

  • Elements from Thorium (Th, Z=90) to Lawrencium (Lr, Z=103).
  • They belong to the 7th Period. All actinides are radioactive.
  • General Configuration: [Rn] 5f¹⁻¹⁴ 6d⁰⁻¹ 7s²

Questions and Answers

What is the general electronic configuration of f-block elements?+

The general electronic configuration of f-block elements is (n-2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n-1)d⁰⁻¹ ns².

Why are f-block elements called inner transition elements?+

They are called inner transition elements because the differentiating (last) electron enters the deeply buried (n-2)f orbital, which is two shells inside the outermost shell.

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