N3⁻ is the azide ion — a polyatomic anion with 3 nitrogen atoms and a negative charge. It is an important topic in Class 11-12 Chemical Bonding.
Sodium azide (NaN3) is the chemical in car airbags. On impact, it decomposes explosively: 2NaN3 → 2Na + 3N2, releasing nitrogen gas to instantly inflate the bag.
Total valence electrons = 3 × 5 (from N) + 1 (from negative charge) = 16 electrons
The azide ion has two major resonance structures:
The actual structure is a resonance hybrid of these forms.
N3⁻ is **diamagnetic** — all its electrons are paired in the bonding and lone pair orbitals.
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