In Medicine and Biology, when fluid abnormally accumulates in a body cavity (like the lungs or abdomen), doctors classify it as either a Transudate or an Exudate to diagnose the underlying cause.
Transudate: Low protein, no cells; caused by pressure/heart failure.
Exudate: High protein, many cells (pus); caused by infection/inflammation.
Clinical Use: Distinguishing between the two guides the treatment plan.
Doctors use Light's Criteria (a set of 3 tests on the fluid) to distinguish between transudate and exudate in pleural fluid (fluid around the lungs).
A transudate is a low-protein, cell-poor fluid caused by mechanical pressure changes (like heart failure). An exudate is a high-protein, cell-rich fluid caused by infection or inflammation (like pneumonia or TB).
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