Study Guides/Physics/Relative Density Formula
Study Guide · Physics

Relative Density: Formula and Definition

In Class 9 Physics (Gravitation and Fluids), to determine if a heavy iron block or a light wooden block will float or sink in water, we use a concept called Relative Density.

Question (Click to Flip)

What is the formula of relative density?

Answer

The formula for relative density is the Density of a substance divided by the Density of water. Since it is a ratio, it does not have any unit.

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Key Facts

Formula: Density of Substance ÷ Density of Water.

Unit: No unit (it is a pure ratio).

Density of Water: 1000 kg/m³.

What is Relative Density?

Density is simply mass per unit volume ($Density = Mass / Volume$). However, Relative Density is the ratio of the density of a specific substance compared to the density of water.

Water is chosen as the standard reference because its density is exactly $1000 , kg/m^3$ (or $1 , g/cm^3$) at 4°C.

The Formula

Relative Density = $\frac{\text{Density of a Substance}}{\text{Density of Water}}$

Important Note: Because relative density is a ratio of two identical quantities (density divided by density), the units cancel out. Therefore, Relative density has NO unit.

Why is it useful? (Sink or Float)

Relative density quickly tells us if an object will float or sink in water:

  • If Relative Density is greater than 1 (>1): The object is heavier than water and will sink (e.g., Iron, Gold).
  • If Relative Density is less than 1 (<1): The object is lighter than water and will float (e.g., Wood, Ice, Oil).

Questions and Answers

What is the formula of relative density?+

The formula for relative density is the Density of a substance divided by the Density of water. Since it is a ratio, it does not have any unit.

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