Study Guides/Maths/sin 120° = √3/2 ≈ 0.866 — Value, Proof & All Trig Ratios
Study Guide · Maths

What is the Value of sin 120°?

The value of sin 120° is √3/2 ≈ 0.866. Since 120° lies in the second quadrant, where sine is positive, we use the identity sin(180° − θ) = sin θ to get sin 120° = sin(180° − 60°) = sin 60° = √3/2. The related values are cos 120° = −1/2 and tan 120° = −√3.

Question (Click to Flip)

What is the value of sin 120°?

Answer

sin 120° = √3/2 ≈ 0.8660. Since 120° = 180° − 60°, and using the identity sin(180° − θ) = sin θ, we get sin 120° = sin 60° = √3/2.

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Key Facts

sin 120° = √3/2 ≈ 0.8660.

120° is in the second quadrant, where sine is positive.

sin 120° = sin(180° − 60°) = sin 60° = √3/2 (supplementary angle identity).

cos 120° = −1/2, tan 120° = −√3, sec 120° = −2.

sin 120° = sin 60° because 120° and 60° are supplementary angles.

On the unit circle, 120° corresponds to the point (−1/2, √3/2).

In radians: 120° = 2π/3, so sin(2π/3) = √3/2.

Value of sin 120° — Result

sin 120° = √3/2 ≈ 0.8660

Derivation using the supplementary angle identity: 120° = 180° − 60°

Using the identity: sin(180° − θ) = sin θ sin 120° = sin(180° − 60°) = sin 60° = √3/2

Since 120° is in the second quadrant (between 90° and 180°), and sine is positive in the second quadrant (S in the ASTC rule), sin 120° is positive.

Numerical value: sin 120° = √3/2 = 1.732.../2 ≈ 0.8660

ASTC Rule and the Second Quadrant

The ASTC (All-Sin-Tan-Cos) rule, also remembered as 'All Students Take Calculus', tells us which trig functions are positive in each quadrant:

  • Quadrant I (0° to 90°): All functions positive
  • Quadrant II (90° to 180°): Only Sine (and cosec) positive
  • Quadrant III (180° to 270°): Only Tan (and cot) positive
  • Quadrant IV (270° to 360°): Only Cos (and sec) positive

120° lies in Quadrant II, so:

  • sin 120° is POSITIVE ✓
  • cos 120° is NEGATIVE ✓
  • tan 120° is NEGATIVE ✓

This tells us the signs before we compute values: sin 120° = +sin 60° = +√3/2, cos 120° = −cos 60° = −1/2, tan 120° = −tan 60° = −√3.

All Trig Values at 120°

Using the reference angle of 60° and the ASTC rule:

Reference angle for 120°: 180° − 120° = 60°

FunctionValueExact form
sin 120°0.8660√3/2
cos 120°−0.5−1/2
tan 120°−1.7321−√3
cosec 120°1.15472/√3 = 2√3/3
sec 120°−2−2
cot 120°−0.5774−1/√3 = −√3/3

Verification using Pythagorean identity: sin²120° + cos²120° = (√3/2)² + (−1/2)² = 3/4 + 1/4 = 4/4 = 1 ✓

Verification using tan: tan 120° = sin 120°/cos 120° = (√3/2)/(−1/2) = −√3 ✓

Standard Angles Including 120°

Complete sine value table for standard angles:

Anglesin valueExact form
00
30°0.51/2
45°0.70711/√2
60°0.8660√3/2
90°11
120°0.8660√3/2
135°0.70711/√2
150°0.51/2
180°00

Notice the symmetry: sin 60° = sin 120° = √3/2. This is because 60° and 120° are supplementary angles (60° + 120° = 180°), and supplementary angles have equal sines.

Generally: sin θ = sin(180° − θ) for all angles θ. So: sin 30° = sin 150°, sin 45° = sin 135°, sin 60° = sin 120°.

Unit Circle Representation of sin 120°

On the unit circle (circle of radius 1 centred at origin), the angle 120° corresponds to the point:

(cos 120°, sin 120°) = (−1/2, √3/2)

This point is in the second quadrant (negative x, positive y), confirming:

  • cos 120° = −1/2 (x-coordinate is negative)
  • sin 120° = √3/2 (y-coordinate is positive)

The sine of any angle on the unit circle equals the y-coordinate of the corresponding point.

Alternate derivation using the unit circle:

  • At 120°, the terminal side makes a 60° angle with the negative x-axis.
  • The triangle formed has legs 1/2 (horizontal) and √3/2 (vertical).
  • This matches the 30-60-90 triangle ratios (1 : √3 : 2).

Radians: 120° = 2π/3 radians. So sin(2π/3) = √3/2.

Questions and Answers

What is the value of sin 120°?+

sin 120° = √3/2 ≈ 0.8660. Since 120° = 180° − 60°, and using the identity sin(180° − θ) = sin θ, we get sin 120° = sin 60° = √3/2.

Why is sin 120° positive?+

120° is in the second quadrant (between 90° and 180°). In the second quadrant, only sine (and cosecant) are positive. Therefore sin 120° = +√3/2 is positive, while cos 120° = −1/2 and tan 120° = −√3 are negative.

What are cos 120° and tan 120°?+

cos 120° = −1/2 and tan 120° = −√3. Using the reference angle 60°: cos 120° = −cos 60° = −1/2 (negative in Q2) and tan 120° = −tan 60° = −√3 (negative in Q2).

What is the unit circle point for 120°?+

On the unit circle, 120° corresponds to the point (cos 120°, sin 120°) = (−1/2, √3/2). The x-coordinate gives cosine and the y-coordinate gives sine.

What is sin 120° in radians?+

120° = 2π/3 radians. So sin 120° = sin(2π/3) = √3/2 ≈ 0.8660.

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