Agriculture: Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Notes

India is an agriculturally important country. Two-thirds of its population is engaged in agricultural activities. It is a primary activity that produces most of the food we consume and raw materials for various industries. This is a crucial chapter in Class 10 Geography.

Question (Click to Flip)

What is slash and burn agriculture called in North-Eastern India?

Answer

In North-Eastern states like Assam and Meghalaya, it is locally known as 'Jhumming' cultivation.

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Key Facts

India is the second-largest producer of rice and wheat in the world after China.

Jute is called the 'Golden Fibre' due to its color and high cash value.

Bhoodan-Gramdan movement was initiated by Vinoba Bhave for land reform.

1. Types of Farming in India

Primitive Subsistence Farming: Practiced on small patches of land with primitive tools (hoe, digging sticks). Depends heavily on monsoons. Also known as 'Slash and Burn' agriculture.
Intensive Subsistence Farming: Practiced in areas with high population pressure on land. It is labor-intensive, and high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for higher yields.
Commercial Farming: The main goal is to sell crops for profit. Uses high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and modern machinery. Plantation is a type of commercial farming where a single crop (like tea or rubber) is grown on a large area.

2. Cropping Seasons in India

Rabi: Sown in winter (Oct-Dec) and harvested in summer (April-June). Examples: Wheat, Barley, Peas, Gram, Mustard.
Kharif: Sown with the onset of monsoon (June-July) and harvested in Sep-Oct. Examples: Paddy (Rice), Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Cotton.
Zaid: A short season in summer between Rabi and Kharif. Examples: Watermelon, Muskmelon, Cucumber.

3. Major Crops

Rice: Staple food, requires high temperature (above 25°C) and high rainfall (above 100 cm).
Wheat: Second most important cereal. Requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at ripening (50-75 cm rainfall).
Cash Crops: Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cotton, and Jute (known as the Golden Fibre).

Questions and Answers

What is slash and burn agriculture called in North-Eastern India?+

In North-Eastern states like Assam and Meghalaya, it is locally known as 'Jhumming' cultivation.

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