MDR is an abbreviation with several common meanings depending on the context. The most widely encountered meanings in education and general knowledge are: Multi-Drug Resistant (medical/biology), Merchant Discount Rate (economics/banking), and Minimum Daily Requirement (nutrition). Each meaning is specific to its field and all are commonly tested in various competitive exams.
MDR = Multi-Drug Resistant (most common in biology/medical)
MDR-TB = Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (resistant to isoniazid + rifampicin)
MDR = Merchant Discount Rate (banking/economics — fee for card payments)
MDR = Minimum Daily Requirement (nutrition)
MDR = Multi-Drug Resistant (Medical/Biology) The most common meaning in school/competitive exam context. MDR-TB = Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis — a form of TB caused by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most potent first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin). MDR bacteria: Organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics, a major global health concern (also called 'superbugs'). WHO recognises MDR-TB as a critical public health crisis.
MDR = Merchant Discount Rate (Banking/Economics) The fee charged by a bank to a merchant for accepting debit/credit card payments through Point of Sale (POS) terminals. Formula: MDR = (Amount charged to merchant) / (Transaction value) × 100 Typically ranges from 0.4% to 2.5% depending on the type of transaction and bank. Important for Class 12 Economics and UPSC/banking exams.
MDR = Minimum Daily Requirement (Nutrition) The minimum quantity of a nutrient (vitamin, mineral) required per day for normal body functioning. Sometimes used interchangeably with RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) in older texts.
MDR = Message Delivery Report (Telecom) A notification confirming delivery of an SMS message.
MDR has multiple full forms: (1) Multi-Drug Resistant — in medical/biology context, referring to bacteria or diseases resistant to multiple drugs. (2) Merchant Discount Rate — in banking, the fee a merchant pays to a bank for accepting card payments. (3) Minimum Daily Requirement — in nutrition.
MDR-TB stands for Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. It is a form of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin — the two most important first-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB requires much longer and more expensive treatment than regular TB.
Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) is the fee charged by a bank to a merchant for enabling digital payments (debit/credit card, UPI) through POS terminals or payment gateways. The rate typically ranges from 0.4% to 2.5% of the transaction value. The Government of India has at times waived MDR for certain transactions to promote digital payments.
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