What is Barawafat? (Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi)

Barawafat marks the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam.

It is observed on the 12th day of Rabi' al-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic lunar calendar. (Because the Islamic calendar is lunar, the date of Barawafat on the standard Gregorian calendar shifts backward by about 11 days every year).

The term 'Barawafat' is specifically used in India and Pakistan. It is a combination of two words:

• 'Bara' means Twelve (referring to the 12th day of the month).
• 'Wafat' means Death.

Wait, why does a birthday festival have the word 'death' in it? Interestingly, historical records indicate that Prophet Muhammad passed away on the exact same day he was born — the 12th of Rabi' al-Awwal. Therefore, the day is an observance of both his birth and his death. In India, it is often called Barawafat, emphasizing the solemnity of his passing, while the term 'Milad-un-Nabi' emphasizes the joy of his birth.

Different sects of Islam observe the day differently:

• Processions (Juloos): Many Muslims hold large, peaceful street processions carrying green flags.
• Sermons and Poetry: Mosques hold special prayers. Scholars narrate stories of the Prophet's life, his teachings, and his character. Poetry praising the Prophet (Naat) is recited.
• Charity: Food and sweets are distributed to the poor and needy.
• Solemnity: Because it is also the anniversary of his death, some Muslims prefer to observe the day quietly with fasting and prayer rather than grand celebrations.