NAD is one of the most important molecules in biochemistry, playing a central role in how every living cell produces energy.
NAD was discovered by Arthur Harden and William John Young in 1906. Its role in metabolism earned several scientists the Nobel Prize.
NAD = Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NAD is a coenzyme (a helper molecule) found in all living cells. It exists in two forms:
During Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle (cellular respiration), NAD+ picks up hydrogen atoms (electrons) from glucose breakdown and becomes NADH. The NADH then delivers these electrons to the Electron Transport Chain, where they are used to generate massive amounts of ATP energy.
Simply: NAD+ acts like a rechargeable energy carrier inside the cell.
In hospital notes, doctors also sometimes write NAD = No Abnormality Detected — a completely different medical usage meaning the test results are completely normal.
NAD is mainly used in cellular respiration (energy production). NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) is mainly used in photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle) for building organic molecules.
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