A bibliography is a list of all the sources (books, websites, articles, encyclopaedias) you consulted or used while preparing a project or assignment. It is placed at the end of the project and gives credit to the original authors. A bibliography shows that your work is well-researched and helps readers find the same sources.
Bibliography = list of all sources used in a project, at the end.
For books: Author, Title, Publisher, Year.
For websites: Author (if any), Title, Website, URL, Date accessed.
List entries alphabetically by author's last name.
Always give credit to original sources ā prevents plagiarism.
For school projects: simple consistent format is usually accepted.
Bibliography is placed at the very end of the project/assignment.
Bibliography vs References: bibliography includes all sources consulted; references only what is cited.
BOOKS: Format: Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
Examples: ā¢ Sharma, Ravi. Environment and Ecology. ABC Publishers, 2020. ā¢ Singh, Priya and Kumar, Amit. Indian History. XYZ Publications, 2018. ā¢ NCERT. Science for Class 10. NCERT, 2022.
WEBSITES: Format: Author (if known). 'Title of Page/Article.' Website Name, URL. Date of Access.
Examples: ā¢ Wikipedia. 'Global Warming.' Wikipedia, www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming. Accessed 15 March 2024. ā¢ Government of India. 'About India.' India.gov.in, www.india.gov.in. Accessed 10 April 2024. ā¢ BBC News. 'Climate Change Explained.' BBC, www.bbc.com/news/climate. Accessed 5 May 2024.
ARTICLES / NEWSPAPERS: Format: Author. 'Title of Article.' Newspaper/Journal Name, Date, Page number.
Example: ā¢ Kapoor, Meena. 'Save Water, Save Life.' The Hindu, 12 March 2024, p. 8.
ENCYCLOPAEDIAS: Format: Name of Encyclopaedia. Volume. Publisher, Year. Example: ā¢ Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 5. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 2020.
Sample Bibliography ā Environmental Project:
Bibliography
Sample Bibliography ā Social Science Project:
Bibliography
Tips for writing a bibliography: ā¢ List sources alphabetically by author's last name ā¢ Indent the second and subsequent lines of each entry ā¢ Italicise or underline book and website titles ā¢ Include the accessed date for websites (as they can change) ā¢ Number each entry ā¢ Be consistent ā use the same format throughout
For school projects in India, a simple format is usually accepted. But for higher level:
MLA Style (Modern Language Association): Book: Author Last, First. Title. Publisher, Year. Website: Author. 'Title.' Site Name, URL. Accessed Day Month Year.
APA Style (American Psychological Association): Book: Author, A. A. (Year). Title. Publisher. Website: Author. (Year). Title. URL
Chicago Style: Book: Last Name, First Name. Title. Place: Publisher, Year.
For class 6ā10 school projects: ā¢ A simple, consistent format is enough ā¢ Most teachers accept: Author, Title, Publisher, Year (for books); URL, Date accessed (for websites) ā¢ The most important thing is CONSISTENCY ā use the same format for all entries
Bibliography vs References: ā¢ Bibliography: lists all sources consulted (even those not directly cited) ā¢ References: only sources directly cited in the text ā¢ For school projects, both terms are used interchangeably
List all sources at the end of your project under the heading 'Bibliography'. For books: Author's Name, *Title of Book*, Publisher, Year. For websites: 'Title of Webpage', Website Name, URL, Date Accessed. For newspapers: Author, 'Article Title', Newspaper Name, Date, Page. Arrange alphabetically by author's last name and keep the format consistent.
A bibliography is a list of all the books, websites, articles, and other sources you consulted while preparing a project. It is important because it: gives credit to original authors, shows that your work is well-researched, helps readers find the same sources, and prevents plagiarism. It is placed at the end of every project or assignment.
Website bibliography format: Author (if known). 'Title of Page/Article.' Website Name, URL. Date Accessed. Example: Wikipedia. 'Water Pollution.' Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution. Accessed 15 March 2024.
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