Study Guides/Education/Micro Teaching — Meaning, Steps, and Skills
Study Guide · Education

Micro Teaching — Meaning, Steps, Cycle, and Skills

Micro teaching is a teacher training technique in which a trainee teacher practises a specific teaching skill with a small group of students (5–10) for a short duration (5–10 minutes), receives feedback, and then re-teaches the same lesson or skill with improvements. It was developed by Dwight W. Allen and his colleagues at Stanford University, USA, in 1963. Micro teaching breaks down complex teaching into smaller, manageable skills that can be practised and improved individually.

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What is micro teaching?

Answer

Micro teaching is a teacher training technique in which a trainee teacher practises one specific teaching skill with a small group (5–10 students) for a short time (5–10 minutes), then receives feedback and re-teaches with improvements. It was developed at Stanford University in 1963 by Dwight W. Allen.

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Key Facts

Micro teaching: training technique with 5–10 min lesson, 5–10 students, one skill at a time

Origin: Stanford University, 1963 — developed by Dwight W. Allen

Micro teaching cycle: Plan → Teach → Feedback → Re-plan → Re-teach → Re-feedback

Key skills: Set induction, questioning, reinforcement, closure, stimulus variation

Purpose: Develop specific teaching skills before facing a full class

Feedback sources: supervisor, peers, video recording

Definition of Micro Teaching

Micro teaching is a scaled-down, simulated teaching encounter in which a student teacher practises one specific teaching skill at a time with a small group of students for a brief period, then receives immediate feedback to improve performance.

Key characteristics:

  • Scaled down in time: 5–10 minutes per session
  • Scaled down in group size: 5–10 students (real or peer students)
  • Focus on one skill: Only one teaching skill is practised per session
  • Immediate feedback: Supervisor, peers, or video recording provide feedback
  • Re-teaching: The teacher retaches after incorporating feedback

Origin: Stanford University, 1963 — developed by Dwight W. Allen, Robert Bush, and others.

Micro Teaching Cycle / Steps

The micro teaching cycle has the following steps:

  1. Planning:
  • Select one specific teaching skill to practise
  • Prepare a brief lesson plan (micro lesson plan) for 5–10 minutes
  • Identify topic and learning objective
  1. Teaching (Teach):
  • Teach the micro lesson to a small group (5–10 students)
  • Duration: 5–10 minutes
  • Focus only on the selected skill
  1. Feedback:
  • Supervisor/observer provides feedback immediately after teaching
  • Peers may also give observations
  • Video recording (where available) allows self-analysis
  • Identifies strengths and areas for improvement
  1. Re-planning:
  • Based on feedback, revise the lesson plan
  • Make targeted improvements to the skill
  1. Re-teaching:
  • Teach the revised lesson to a different (or the same) group
  • Same skill, improved delivery
  1. Re-feedback:
  • Another round of feedback to check improvement

This cycle may be repeated multiple times until the skill is mastered.

Teaching Skills Practised in Micro Teaching

Common micro teaching skills (Allen's list includes 14):

  1. Set Induction (Introduction skill): Creating interest and preparing students for learning at the start of a lesson.

  2. Stimulus Variation: Varying voice, gesture, body position, and teaching aids to maintain student attention.

  3. Questioning: Asking probing, divergent, or convergent questions; redirecting and rephrasing questions.

  4. Explaining: Clear, structured explanation with examples and illustrations.

  5. Reinforcement (Skill of Reinforcement): Using verbal praise ('Good!', 'Correct!') and non-verbal cues (nodding, smiling) to encourage students.

  6. Illustration with Examples: Using examples, analogies, and real-world applications.

  7. Blackboard Writing: Organising content clearly on the board.

  8. Closure: Summarising the lesson and connecting it to future learning at the end.

  9. Probing Questions: Following up answers with deeper questions.

  10. Silence and Non-Verbal Cues: Using pauses and body language effectively.

Importance and Advantages of Micro Teaching

  1. Focused skill development: One skill at a time prevents overload; teachers improve systematically.
  2. Immediate feedback: Rapid feedback loop accelerates improvement.
  3. Safe environment: Low-stakes practice before facing a real classroom.
  4. Self-evaluation: Video recording allows self-analysis.
  5. Time efficient: Short sessions make it practical for teacher training programmes.
  6. Reduces anxiety: New teachers gain confidence through repeated practice.

Limitation: Artificial setting — small group, short time — may not fully replicate real classroom complexity.

Questions and Answers

What is micro teaching?+

Micro teaching is a teacher training technique in which a trainee teacher practises one specific teaching skill with a small group (5–10 students) for a short time (5–10 minutes), then receives feedback and re-teaches with improvements. It was developed at Stanford University in 1963 by Dwight W. Allen.

What are the steps in the micro teaching cycle?+

The micro teaching cycle has 6 steps: (1) Planning — prepare a brief lesson plan focusing on one skill, (2) Teaching — teach the micro lesson for 5–10 minutes, (3) Feedback — receive immediate feedback from supervisor/peers/video, (4) Re-planning — revise based on feedback, (5) Re-teaching — teach the improved lesson again, (6) Re-feedback — receive another round of feedback.

Who developed micro teaching?+

Micro teaching was developed by Dwight W. Allen and his colleagues at Stanford University, USA, in 1963. It was introduced as a scaled-down, focused teacher training method.

What are the skills of micro teaching?+

Key micro teaching skills include: Set induction (introduction), stimulus variation, questioning, explaining, reinforcement (verbal praise), illustration with examples, blackboard writing, closure (summary), probing questions, and use of silence and non-verbal cues.

What is skill of set induction in micro teaching?+

Set induction is the teaching skill of creating interest, curiosity, and readiness in students at the beginning of a lesson. A teacher with good set induction connects the new lesson to students' prior knowledge, uses a thought-provoking question or activity, and motivates students to engage.

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