When starting a formal business, founders must register their company with the government. In corporate law, the most important milestone in this registration process is the Date of Incorporation.
In India, a company's unique Corporate Identification Number (CIN) contains its year of incorporation (e.g., if a company was formed in 2023, '2023' will be in the CIN).
A public company must obtain an additional 'Certificate of Commencement of Business' after incorporation before it can start operations.
In India, when the Registrar of Companies (ROC) approves all the registration documents of a startup, they issue a formal document called the 'Certificate of Incorporation'. The date printed on this certificate is the Date of Incorporation.
Founders can do preliminary work, but any contracts signed before this date are called 'Pre-incorporation contracts'. The company itself is not legally bound by these contracts unless it officially adopts them after incorporation.
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