The Three Organs of Government: Legislative, Executive, Judicial

The Legislature is the branch that has the power to make new laws, change existing laws, and debate national issues.

• Who are they?: It consists of the elected representatives of the people.
• In India: The central legislature is the Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). At the state level, it is the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha).

The Executive is the branch responsible for enforcing or executing the laws made by the legislature and running the daily administration of the country.

• Who are they?: It includes the President, the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers, and all government officials and bureaucrats (IAS, IPS officers).
• Function: If the legislature passes a law saying 'Helmets are compulsory', the executive branch (specifically the police and transport department) ensures people actually follow it.

The Judiciary is the system of courts. Its job is to interpret the laws, settle disputes, and punish those who break the laws.

• Who are they?: It includes the Supreme Court, High Courts, and district courts.
• Independence: In a true democracy, the judiciary is entirely independent of the legislature and executive. If the government passes a law that violates the Constitution, the Supreme Court has the power to strike it down.