Study Guides/Chemistry/Chloride Ion Formula and Charge
Study Guide · Chemistry

What is the Formula of Chloride?

In chemistry, understanding the difference between an element in its neutral atomic state and its charged ionic state is crucial. When talking about salts and ionic compounds, you will frequently hear the term 'Chloride'.

Question (Click to Flip)

What is the valency of Chloride?

Answer

The valency of chloride is 1. Since it carries a charge of -1, it has a combining capacity of 1.

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Key Facts

Chloride is an essential electrolyte in the human body, helping to maintain proper blood volume, blood pressure, and pH balance.

The ocean is salty primarily because of dissolved sodium chloride.

The suffix '-ide' in chemistry usually indicates a negatively charged ion consisting of a single element.

1. The Formula of Chloride

The chemical formula (or symbol) for the Chloride ion is $Cl^-$.

It is formed when a neutral Chlorine atom ($Cl$, atomic number 17) gains exactly one extra electron.

2. Chlorine vs. Chloride

  • Chlorine ($Cl$): This is the neutral element. It has 17 protons and 17 electrons. Because it needs one more electron to complete its outer shell, it is highly reactive and usually exists as a toxic, green gas ($Cl_2$).
  • Chloride ($Cl^-$): This is the negatively charged ion (anion). It has 17 protons but 18 electrons. Because its outer shell is now full, it is very stable. It does not exist as a gas; it is found dissolved in water or bonded in solid salts.

3. Common Chloride Compounds

Chloride rarely exists alone; it bonds with positive metallic ions (cations) to form various salts.

  • Sodium chloride ($NaCl$): Common table salt.
  • Calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$): Used to melt ice on roads.
  • Hydrogen chloride ($HCl$): A gas that becomes Hydrochloric acid when dissolved in water.

Questions and Answers

What is the valency of Chloride?+

The valency of chloride is 1. Since it carries a charge of -1, it has a combining capacity of 1.

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