In Class 10 Chemistry (Chemical Reactions and Equations), predicting the products of two aqueous ionic compounds mixing together is a key concept. The reaction between Barium chloride and Aluminium sulphate is a classic example of a double displacement and precipitation reaction.
Barium sulphate is widely used in medicine as a 'Barium Meal' to help take clear X-rays of the digestive tract.
Aluminium chloride remains dissolved in the water (aqueous).
This reaction is an excellent laboratory test to confirm the presence of sulphate ions.
When an aqueous solution of Barium chloride ($BaCl_2$) is mixed with an aqueous solution of Aluminium sulphate ($Al_2(SO_4)_3$), the ions swap partners.
$3BaCl_2 (aq) + Al_2(SO_4)_3 (aq) \rightarrow 3BaSO_4 (s) \downarrow + 2AlCl_3 (aq)$
Barium sulphate has a very high lattice energy compared to its hydration energy, meaning the water molecules cannot break the strong ionic bonds holding the Barium and Sulphate ions together.
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