Examples of Tap Roots, Fibrous Roots, and Stilt Roots

In a tap root system, there is one main, thick, primary root that grows deep straight down into the soil. Many smaller, secondary roots grow out from the sides of this main root.

• Features: Goes very deep into the soil; hard to pull out.
• Examples of Tap Roots: Carrot, Radish, Beetroot, Mustard, Mango, and Neem trees. (Note: Vegetables like carrots are actually modified tap roots that store food).

In a fibrous root system, there is no single main root. Instead, a large bunch or cluster of thin, thread-like roots grow equally from the base of the stem.

• Features: Shallow roots; forms a thick network near the surface; prevents soil erosion.
• Examples of Fibrous Roots: Wheat, Rice, Grass, Onion, and Maize (Corn).

Some tall plants have long, thin stems that are top-heavy and can easily fall over in the wind. To support themselves, they grow special roots from the lower nodes of the stem (above the ground). These roots grow downwards and enter the soil to act like supporting pillars.

• Function: Extra mechanical support.
• Examples of Stilt Roots: Sugarcane (गन्ना), Maize (मक्का), and Bamboo.